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Individual Roots of Rhythm Companion Audio CD Tracks
1. Adufe
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Listen1:
1. Religious Adufe music from Monsanto, Portugal
"Divina Santa Cruz (Devine Saint Cruz)" in four counts, is an important song of
the Festa do Castelo, to which the text refers. It is sung during ritual moments
during a procession to the castle in Monsanto, or Castelo Branco. A sample of the opening words translates, "Oh, Devine Saint Cruz, and I am going there, my soul is already there, my heart is arriving..." (from a CD titled Musical Traditions of
Portugal by the International Institute for Traditional Music on Smithsonian
Folkways 40435, track #7)
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1:26
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1:12
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1:09
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0:52
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0:53
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2. Bongos
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Listen:
11. Rumba guaguanco ensemble with clave rhythm from Cuba
"Las Leyendas de Grecia (The Legend of Greece)" is a familiar type of rumba
that is danced by a flirtatious couple that includes interaction and competition.
The lead singer punctuates the quinto drum's rhythms. A translation of the
lyrics begins, "Come wise ones, and poets. Come here everyone. I'm going to
talk to you seriously about history and concrete things. Everyone talks of
history and of the Gods, without really knowing the origin of how they were
formed. The legend of Greece and of her devine gods..." (from a CD titled Cuba
in Washington on Smithsonian Folkways LC 9628, track #2)
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1:33
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12. Bongos playing martillo rhythm in the son rhythm of a Cuban ensemble
"Yo Canto en el Llano (I Sing on the Plains)" shows the close relationship
between the son and rumba rhythms through the interlocking bongo and bell
rhythms. The son is a rhythm that connects other rhythms together like the
martillo and rumba. A translation of the lyrics begins, "Over the hill I met a
pretty woman from Guantánamo. Because of her bewitching look I got
involved right there..." (from Smithsonian Folkways LC 9628, track #9)
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3. Buhai
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Listen:
25. Buhai ox sounds from Tartarusi, Romania
"Plugusor" with recitation, bell (imitating the bell around an ox's neck), flute,
bass drum, and buhai during the Christmas and New Year's Festival (from field recordings in Romania by Ann Briegleb Schuursma 1971-72, located at
Ethnomusicology Archive, University of California, Los Angeles)
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1:12
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4. Djembé
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5. Dondo
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Listen:
42. Dondo in drumming from Ghana, West Africa
"Adowa mpre" is a light form of Adowa music, which is a type of popular band
that was especially created for funerals. The donno (plural of dondo) are the first
drums heard on the track after the adawia bell begins. The song translates,
"Death is invading my home, I cannot go to sleep. Wherever I go, I am sure to
meet death. It is invading my home, I cannot go to sleep" (from a CD titled Music
of the Ashanti of Ghana on Smithsonian Folkways FE 4240, track #3)
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2:08
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6. Kakko
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Listen:
50. Gagaku ensemble from Japan
"Jo (Prelude)" is a composition based on the piece Goshoraku. This opening
part of togaku music is in free rhythm with eight long cycles separated by
strong taiko drum beats and clear kakko hits (from a CD titled Reigakusha
Sukeyasu Shibaon on Celestial Harmonies LC 7869, track #2)
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0:23
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7. Lakota Drum
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Listen:
58. Regular beat performed by six singers from the Northern Plains Indians
"Grass Dance Theme Song," or "Omaha," is danced primarily for enjoyment. It
is sung with high vocal tension, has the form AA' BCB' C' and ends with five
hard beats. This was recorded in 1975 by the Los Angeles Northern Singers (from
a CD titled Powwow Songs - Music of the Plains Indians, produced by Charlotte
Heth for the Musical Heritage Society, Inc. on ARC Music 5166949, track #6)
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8. . Naqqara
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Listen:
65. Mehter, military music from Istanbul, Turkey
"Mehter" is military music that combines Turkish classical and folk music. In
the 1700's this music traveled north as far as Vienna and influenced European
composers like Mozart and Beethoven. This is in the slow eight count chiftetelli
rhythm (from a CD titled Songs and Dances of Turkey on Smithsonian
Folkways FW08801, track #19)
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2:09
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66. Karsilama, dance music from Izmir, Turkey
"Zeybek" is a nine count rhythm played by clarinet and davul and typical of the
Agean region of Turkey. In this form, dancers imitate the eagle, spreading their
arms in wide gestures (from Smithsonian Folkways FW08801, track #3)
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9. Ranât Êk
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Listen:
77. Ranât Êk solo music from Thailand
"Phaya sok (The Sorrowful King)" played by Prof. Prayong Ramawong at
Natasin Roi-et, High School for the Arts in Roi-et, Thailand (from field
recordings by Dr. Terry Miller 1989, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio)
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10. Sajat
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Listen:
86. Dance song from Thebes, Egypt
"Baheya" is sung by a male singer known locally for his impassioned high
vocal style. The rhythm begins as wahed wa nusf and ends with saaidi mashi.
The sajat are played by the dancer (from a CD titled Music of the Fellahin
recorded by Aisha Ali in 1973 on Discs Araf DA 702, track #3)
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1:04
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88. Ghawazee dance piece from the Nile, Egypt
"Ghawazee Dance" is played by the Ra'is Qinnawi mizmar band. This is a
medley of songs in different tempos but all in the rhythm wahed wa nusf. The
sajat are played by the Banat Maazin (from Discs Araf DA 702, track #8)
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0:25
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Individual Roots of Rhythm Extensions Companion Audio CD Tracks
1. Pandeiro
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Listen1:
1. Pandeiro solo from Brazil
"Dance with Tambourines" presents a solo pandeiro performer playing the samba rhythm from slow to fast (from a CD titled Songs and Dances of Brazil on Smithsonian Folkways, FW 6953, track 11)
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2. Pandeiro in capoeira ensemble from Brazil
"Capoeira in San Francisco" is an example of capoeira, master teacher Mestre Acordeon and students, and the pandeiro (from a CD titled The Music of Capoeira-Mestre Acordeon on Smithsonian Folkways, FE 4332, track 5)
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3. Pandeiro with samba ensemble from Brazil
"Choro: A Tempo de Samba - instrumental" demonstrates a samba ensemble with pandeiro (from a CD titled Songs and Dances of Brazil on Smithsonian Folkways, FW 6953, track 15)
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7. "Pandeiro Samba Exercise"
Demonstrates an exercise for pandeiro - repeated one time (from a CD titled Drum Circle: A Guide to World Percussion-by Chalo Eduardo and Frank Kumor on Alfred Publishing Co. Inc., track 17)
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2. Snare Drum
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Listen:
15. Snare drum from Switzerland
"Prim," is an example of the classical snare drum, first with snare effect off and then on (from a CD titled Drumming by Evelyn Glennie, on Catalyst 09026-68195-2, BMG Classics Music, 1996, and © 2001 World Copyright by Editions BIM, Switzerland (www.editions-bim.com), used with permission)
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0:30
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16. Snare drum from Switzerland
"007" is an example of military drumming in a drum and bugle corps with a full percussion section including melodic percussion (from a CD titled The Cavaliers - The Championship Years Jeff Fiedler, director, Bret Kuhn, percussion composer on Champion CD, 2004 (www.cavaliers.org) track 6)
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17. Snare drum from Switzerland
"Thank You Mr. Williams" by Steve Smith, is an example of the snare drum used in a jazz drum set, this piece in remembrance of Tony Williams' drumming (from a DVD titled Drumset Technique/ History of the U.S. Beat by Steve Smith, courtesy of and copyrighted by Hudson Music).
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3. Steel Drums
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Listen:
30. Tamboo Bamboo from Trinidad
"Calypso Tent: Bamboo Tamboo Session" represents the use of bamboo tubes as percussion instruments in Carnival before steel drums were invented (from a CD titled Calypso Lore and Legend - Afternoon with Patrick Jones on Smithsonian Folkways SF C5016, track 6)
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31. Steel drum music from Trinidad
"Top Cat Mambo" is a combination of Calypso and mambo rhythms played by a steel drum band (from a CD titled Sounds of Our Times - The Champion Steelbands of Trinidad on Smithsonian Folkways Cook: C-106, track 8)
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32. Steel drum music from Trinidad
"Love is a Many Splendored Thing" represents an American pop tune from the 1950's when steel drum music was becoming well known internationally (from a CD titled Sounds of Our Times - Champion Steel Bands of Trinidad on Smithsonian Folkways Cook: C-106, track 4)
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4. Tabla
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Listen:
Tabla from India
Abhiman Kaushal demonstrates five basic tabla rhythms and variations on those rhythms, the same rhythms presented in the exercises except here played with improvisations (recorded live at UCLA, performed by Abhiman Kaushal and recorded on June 29, 2005 by David Martinelli)
46. Tal Tintal
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51. Tabla from India
"Lesson Forty-Two - Rela" represents the three speeds of a tabla rhythm, slow, medium and fast (from a CD titled "Forty-Two Lessons on Tabla" with Ustad Keramatullah Kahn playing tabla, on Smithsonian Folkways FM 8369, track 6)
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52. Tabla Tarang and Tabla from India
"Raag Deen Todi" provides the sound of the tabla tarang melodic set of tablas which are joined by tabla near the end of the track (from a CD titled Tabla Tarang - Melody on Drums, with Pandit Kamalesh Maitra - tabla tarang and Trilok Gurtu - tabla, on Smithsonian Folkways, SF40436 track 7)
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Play Along:
53. Tabla sounds
here on Tracks 53-58 (recorded at UCLA for RORE, performed by Abhiman Kaushal on June 29, 2005 by David Martinelli) "Taa, Tin, Ge, Dhaa, Dhin
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5. Turntable
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61. Turntable from the United States
"Like That Girl" is an example of Turntable breaks in contemporary popular music (from a CD titled House of Fatty Koo, on Sony BMG Music Entertainment CK 91256, 2005 track 5)
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Three examples of music used in learning how to play the turntable (from a CD titled Turntable Technique - The Art of the DJ by Stephen Webber, distributed by Numark and Hal Leonard, 2004 tracks 1-3)
62. "One!"
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